A paternity test establishes genetic proof whether a man is the biological father of an individual. Tests can also determine the likelihood of someone being a biological grandparent to a grandchild in missing parental cases(if either of the parents is missing, to establish the relationship with grandparents). The current techniques for paternity testing are using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).

Maternity testing is a scientific method used to determine whether a woman is the biological mother of a child. At Clue4 Evidence Forensic Lab this process involves comparing the DNA of the child with that of the alleged mother. The results provide a high probability of maternity, often exceeding 99.9% for inclusions (indicating that the woman is the mother) and 100% for exclusions (indicating that she is not the mother).

A twin zygosity test is a DNA test. At Clue4 Evidence Forensic Lab our experts determines whether twins are genetically identical (monozygotic or “identical”) or fraternal (dizygotic or “non-identical”)

A missing parent test is a type of DNA test. At Clue4 Evidence Forensic Lab our experts determine the biological relationship between a child and a parent when one parent is absent or unavailable for testing. This test is particularly useful in situations where the alleged father or mother cannot provide a sample, such as in cases of abandonment, separation, or death.

A cousin test is a type of DNA test. At Clue4 Evidence Forensic Lab our experts determine the likelihood that two individuals are biologically related as first cousins. This test is particularly useful when the parents of the individuals in question are unavailable for testing.